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<title>Rodney R. Porter</title>

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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rodney R. Porter</span></h1>

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<p><b>Rodney Robert Porter</b> (* <a href="8._Oktober" title="8. Oktober">8. Oktober</a> <a href="1917" title="1917">1917</a> in Newton-le-Willows, <a href="Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a>, <a href="England" title="England">England</a>; † <a href="7._September" title="7. September">7. September</a> <a href="1985" title="1985">1985</a> in <a href="Winchester" title="Winchester">Winchester</a>, <a href="Hampshire" title="Hampshire">Hampshire</a>, England) war ein <a href="Vereinigtes_K%C3%B6nigreich" title="Vereinigtes Königreich">britischer</a> <a href="Biochemiker" class="mw-redirect" title="Biochemiker">Biochemiker</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS)</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> und <a href="Nobelpreis" title="Nobelpreis">Nobelpreisträger</a> für die chemische Strukturaufklärung der Antikörper.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografie">Biografie</h2></div>

<p>Rodney R. Porter studierte an der <a href="University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">University of Liverpool</a> Biochemie und schloss 1939 mit dem Bachelor of Science ab. 1948 wurde ihm an der <a href="University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> der Doktortitel verliehen. Sein Doktorvater war der zweifache Nobelpreisträger <a href="Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a>.

Porter arbeitete 1949 bis 1960 am <a href="National_Institute_for_Medical_Research" title="National Institute for Medical Research">National Institute for Medical Research</a> in Mill Hill, bevor er als Professor für <a href="Immunologie" title="Immunologie">Immunologie</a> an die <a href="St_Mary%E2%80%99s_Hospital_(London)" title="St Mary’s Hospital (London)">St. Mary’s Hospital</a> Medical School in London ging.

1967 wurde er Whitley Professor für Biochemie an der <a href="University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>. 1972 erhielt er zusammen mit <a href="Gerald_M._Edelman" title="Gerald M. Edelman">Gerald M. Edelman</a> den Nobelpreis für Physiologie oder Medizin „für ihre Entdeckungen betreffend der chemischen Struktur der Antikörper“.

Weitere Auszeichnungen waren 1966 der <a href="Gairdner_Foundation_International_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Gairdner Foundation International Award">Gairdner Foundation International Award</a> und nach der Wahl zum Mitglied („Fellow“) der Royal Society im Jahr 1964, die <a href="Royal_Medal" title="Royal Medal">Royal Medal</a> (1973) und <a href="Copley-Medaille" title="Copley-Medaille">Copley-Medaille</a> (1983). Zudem war er Mitglied der <a href="American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> (seit 1968), der <a href="National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> (seit 1972) und der <a href="Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" title="Royal Society of Edinburgh">Royal Society of Edinburgh</a> (seit 1976).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Porter starb 1985 bei einem Autounfall bei <a href="Winchester" title="Winchester">Winchester</a>. Mit seiner Frau bekam Porter fünf Kinder.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forschung">Forschung</h2></div>

<p>Obwohl bereits bekannt war, dass <a href="Antik%C3%B6rper" title="Antikörper">Antikörper</a> aus <a href="Protein" title="Protein">Proteinen</a> bestehen, gab es keine Kenntnisse über die genaue Struktur. So ging Porter ursprünglich davon aus, dass Antikörper aus einer einzigen Peptidkette bestehen.

</p><p>In den Jahren 1958 und 1959 zeigte sich, dass das <a href="Enzym" title="Enzym">Enzym</a> <a href="Papain" title="Papain">Papain</a> die Antikörper eines Kaninchens in drei Teile schneiden konnte. Einer der drei Teile kristallisiert, was Porter zunächst auf ein <a href="Artefakt_(Diagnostik)" title="Artefakt (Diagnostik)">Artefakt</a> zurückführte. Etwa zur selben Zeit fand <a href="Gerald_Edelman" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerald Edelman">Gerald Edelman</a> heraus, dass bei menschlichen Antikörpern mehrere Peptidketten durch <a href="Disulfidbr%C3%BCckenbindung" class="mw-redirect" title="Disulfidbrückenbindung">Disulfidbrücken</a> miteinander verknüpft sind.

</p><p>Nach dieser Entdeckung nutzte Porter die bereits bekannte <a href="Reduktion_(Chemie)" title="Reduktion (Chemie)">Reduktion</a> der Disulfidbrückenbindungen und erhielt vier Antikörper-Fragmente, von denen zwei jeweils etwa 20.000 <a href="Atomare_Masseneinheit" title="Atomare Masseneinheit"><i>u</i></a> und die anderen beiden je 50000 <i>u</i> wogen. Nach weiteren Analysen postulierte Porter die chemische Struktur der Antikörper.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academictree.org/chemistry/peopleinfo.php?pid=37831">Informationen</a> zu und <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academictree.org/chemistry/tree.php?pid=37831">akademischer Stammbaum</a> von <i>Rodney R. Porter</i> bei academictree.org<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>

<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">S. V. Perry (1987). <i>Rodney Robert Porter. 8 October 1917–6 September 1985</i>. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 33: 444–426. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11621436?dopt=Abstract">PMID 11621436</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. P. Johnstone, M. A. Kerr, M. W. Turner (1985). <i>Rodney Robert Porter (1917–1985)</i>. Journal of Immunological Methods 85 (1): 1–4. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3908556?dopt=Abstract">PMID 3908556</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">L. A. Steiner (1985). <i>Rodney Robert Porter (1917–1985)</i>. Nature 317 (6036): 383. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3900741?dopt=Abstract">PMID 3900741</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rse.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/all_fellows.pdf"><i>Fellows Directory. Biographical Index: Former RSE Fellows 1783–2002.</i></a> (PDF-Datei) Royal Society of Edinburgh,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 31. März 2020</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ARodney+R.+Porter&rft.title=Fellows+Directory.+Biographical+Index%3A+Former+RSE+Fellows+1783%E2%80%932002&rft.description=Fellows+Directory.+Biographical+Index%3A+Former+RSE+Fellows+1783%E2%80%932002&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rse.org.uk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F11%2Fall_fellows.pdf&rft.publisher=Royal+Society+of+Edinburgh"> </span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1972/summary/">Informationen</a> der <a href="Nobelpreis" title="Nobelpreis">Nobelstiftung</a> zur Preisverleihung 1972 an Rodney R. Porter (englisch)</span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodney R. Porter: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1972/porter-lecture.pdf"><i>Structural Studies of Immunoglobulins.</i></a> 12. Dezember 1972, abgerufen am 11. September 2013 (englisch).</span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weiterführende_Literatur"><span id="Weiterf.C3.BChrende_Literatur"></span>Weiterführende Literatur</h2></div>

<ul><li>Robert A. Kyle, Marc A. Shampo: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">R.R. Porter—the 4-chain structure of immunoglobulin G</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Mayo Clin. Proc.</cite> 75. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>11</span>, November 2000, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1110</span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11075737?dopt=Abstract">PMID 11075737</a> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rodney+R.+Porter&rft.atitle=R.R.+Porter%E2%80%94the+4-chain+structure+of+immunoglobulin+G&rft.au=Robert+A.%26%2332%3BKyle%2C%26%2332%3BMarc+A.+Shampo&rft.date=2000-11&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=11&rft.jtitle=Mayo+Clin.+Proc.&rft.pages=1110&rft.pmid=11075737&rft.volume=75.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></li>

<li><cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Proceedings of the International Symposium on "The role and significance of international cooperation in the biomedical sciences." Dedicated to the memory of Dr. Rodney R. Porter. Washington, D.C., September 21–23, 1983</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Perspect. Biol. Med.</cite> 29. Jahrgang, 3 Pt 2, 1986, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>S1–229</span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3523420?dopt=Abstract">PMID 3523420</a> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rodney+R.+Porter&rft.atitle=Proceedings+of+the+International+Symposium+on+%22The+role+and+significance+of+international+cooperation+in+the+biomedical+sciences.%22+Dedicated+to+the+memory+of+Dr.+Rodney+R.+Porter.+Washington%2C+D.C.%2C+September+21-23%2C+1983&rft.date=1986&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=3+Pt+2&rft.jtitle=Perspect.+Biol.+Med.&rft.pages=S1-229&rft.pmid=3523420&rft.volume=29.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></li>

<li>Parker A. Small: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Rod Porter: his gifts to a young scientist</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Biosci. Rep.</cite> 5. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>10–11</span>, 1985, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>969–71</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01119909">10.1007/BF01119909</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3913473?dopt=Abstract">PMID 3913473</a> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rodney+R.+Porter&rft.atitle=Rod+Porter%3A+his+gifts+to+a+young+scientist&rft.au=Parker+A.%26%2332%3BSmall&rft.date=1985&rft.doi=10.1007%2FBF01119909&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=10-11&rft.jtitle=Biosci.+Rep.&rft.pages=969-71&rft.pmid=3913473&rft.volume=5.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></li>

<li>Charles A. Pasternak: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Rodney Robert Porter</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Biosci. Rep.</cite> 5. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>10–11</span>, 1985, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>809–13</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01119892">10.1007/BF01119892</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3913470?dopt=Abstract">PMID 3913470</a> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rodney+R.+Porter&rft.atitle=Rodney+Robert+Porter&rft.au=Charles+A.%26%2332%3BPasternak&rft.date=1985&rft.doi=10.1007%2FBF01119892&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=10-11&rft.jtitle=Biosci.+Rep.&rft.pages=809-13&rft.pmid=3913470&rft.volume=5.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></li>

<li>Charles A. Pasternak: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Special issue in memory of Rodney Porter</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Biosci. Rep.</cite> 5. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>10–11</span>, 1985, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>809–1014</span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3913469?dopt=Abstract">PMID 3913469</a> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Rodney+R.+Porter&rft.atitle=Special+issue+in+memory+of+Rodney+Porter&rft.au=Charles+A.+Pasternak&rft.date=1985&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=10-11&rft.jtitle=Biosci.+Rep.&rft.pages=809-1014&rft.pmid=3913469&rft.volume=5.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></li>

<li>Gisela Baumgart: <i>Porter, Rodney Robert.</i> In: <a href="Werner_E._Gerabek" title="Werner E. Gerabek">Werner E. Gerabek</a>, Bernhard D. Haage, <a href="Gundolf_Keil" title="Gundolf Keil">Gundolf Keil</a>, Wolfgang Wegner (Hrsg.): <i>Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte.</i> De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4, S. 1176 f.</li></ul>

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<div class="klappleiste-kopf"><a href="Liste_der_Nobelpreistr%C3%A4ger_f%C3%BCr_Physiologie_oder_Medizin" title="Liste der Nobelpreisträger für Physiologie oder Medizin">Träger des Nobelpreises für Physiologie oder Medizin</a></div>

<p>1901: <a href="Emil_von_Behring" title="Emil von Behring">Behring</a> |

1902: <a href="Ronald_Ross" title="Ronald Ross">Ross</a> |

1903: <a href="Niels_Ryberg_Finsen" title="Niels Ryberg Finsen">Finsen</a> |

1904: <a href="Iwan_Petrowitsch_Pawlow" title="Iwan Petrowitsch Pawlow">Pawlow</a> |

1905: <a href="Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Koch</a> |

1906: <a href="Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Golgi</a>, <a href="Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal" title="Santiago Ramón y Cajal">Cajal</a> |

1907: <a href="Alphonse_Laveran" title="Alphonse Laveran">Laveran</a> |

1908: <a href="Ilja_Iljitsch_Metschnikow" title="Ilja Iljitsch Metschnikow">Metschnikow</a>, <a href="Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Ehrlich</a> |

1909: <a href="Theodor_Kocher" title="Theodor Kocher">Kocher</a> |

1910: <a href="Albrecht_Kossel" title="Albrecht Kossel">Kossel</a> |

1911: <a href="Allvar_Gullstrand" title="Allvar Gullstrand">Gullstrand</a> |

1912: <a href="Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Carrel</a> |

1913: <a href="Charles_Richet" title="Charles Richet">Richet</a> |

1914: <a href="Robert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny" title="Robert Bárány">Bárány</a> |

1915–1918: <i>nicht verliehen</i> |

1919: <a href="Jules_Bordet" title="Jules Bordet">Bordet</a> |

1920: <a href="August_Krogh" title="August Krogh">Krogh</a> |

1921: <i>nicht verliehen</i> |

1922: <a href="Archibald_Vivian_Hill" title="Archibald Vivian Hill">Hill</a>, <a href="Otto_Meyerhof" title="Otto Meyerhof">Meyerhof</a> |

1923: <a href="Frederick_Banting" title="Frederick Banting">Banting</a>, <a href="John_James_Rickard_Macleod" title="John James Rickard Macleod">Macleod</a> |

1924: <a href="Willem_Einthoven" title="Willem Einthoven">Einthoven</a> |

1925: <i>nicht verliehen</i> |

1926: <a href="Johannes_Fibiger" title="Johannes Fibiger">Fibiger</a> |

1927: <a href="Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" title="Julius Wagner-Jauregg">Wagner-Jauregg</a> |

1928: <a href="Charles_Nicolle" title="Charles Nicolle">Nicolle</a> |

1929: <a href="Christiaan_Eijkman" title="Christiaan Eijkman">Eijkman</a>, <a href="Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins" title="Frederick Gowland Hopkins">Hopkins</a> |

1930: <a href="Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Landsteiner</a> |

1931: <a href="Otto_Warburg_(Biochemiker)" title="Otto Warburg (Biochemiker)">Warburg</a> |

1932: <a href="Charles_Scott_Sherrington" title="Charles Scott Sherrington">Sherrington</a>, <a href="Edgar_Adrian%2C_1._Baron_Adrian" title="Edgar Adrian, 1. Baron Adrian">Adrian</a> |

1933: <a href="Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Morgan</a> |

1934: <a href="George_Hoyt_Whipple" title="George Hoyt Whipple">Whipple</a>, <a href="George_Richards_Minot" title="George Richards Minot">Minot</a>, <a href="William_Parry_Murphy" title="William Parry Murphy">Murphy</a> |

1935: <a href="Hans_Spemann" title="Hans Spemann">Spemann</a> |

1936: <a href="Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Dale</a>, <a href="Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Loewi</a> |

1937: <a href="Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Szent-Györgyi</a> |

1938: <a href="Corneille_Heymans" title="Corneille Heymans">Heymans</a> |

1939: <a href="Gerhard_Domagk" title="Gerhard Domagk">Domagk</a> |

1940–1942: <i>nicht verliehen</i> |

1943: <a href="Henrik_Dam" title="Henrik Dam">Dam</a>, <a href="Edward_Adelbert_Doisy" title="Edward Adelbert Doisy">Doisy</a> |

1944: <a href="Joseph_Erlanger" title="Joseph Erlanger">Erlanger</a>, <a href="Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser">Gasser</a> |

1945: <a href="Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Fleming</a>, <a href="Ernst_Boris_Chain" title="Ernst Boris Chain">Chain</a>, <a href="Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">Florey</a> |

1946: <a href="Hermann_Joseph_Muller" title="Hermann Joseph Muller">Muller</a> |

1947: <a href="Carl_Ferdinand_Cori" title="Carl Ferdinand Cori">C. Cori</a>, <a href="Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">G. Cori</a>, <a href="Bernardo_Alberto_Houssay" title="Bernardo Alberto Houssay">Houssay</a> |

1948: <a href="Paul_Hermann_M%C3%BCller" title="Paul Hermann Müller">Müller</a> |

1949: <a href="Walter_Rudolf_Hess" title="Walter Rudolf Hess">Hess</a>, <a href="Ant%C3%B3nio_Egas_Moniz" title="António Egas Moniz">Moniz</a> |

1950: <a href="Edward_Calvin_Kendall" title="Edward Calvin Kendall">Kendall</a>, <a href="Tadeus_Reichstein" title="Tadeus Reichstein">Reichstein</a>, <a href="Philip_Showalter_Hench" title="Philip Showalter Hench">Hench</a> |

1951: <a href="Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Theiler</a> |

1952: <a href="Selman_Abraham_Waksman" title="Selman Abraham Waksman">Waksman</a> |

1953: <a href="Hans_Adolf_Krebs" title="Hans Adolf Krebs">H. A. Krebs</a>, <a href="Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" title="Fritz Albert Lipmann">Lipmann</a> |

1954: <a href="John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">Enders</a>, <a href="Thomas_Huckle_Weller" title="Thomas Huckle Weller">Weller</a>, <a href="Frederick_Chapman_Robbins" title="Frederick Chapman Robbins">Robbins</a> |

1955: <a href="Hugo_Theorell" title="Hugo Theorell">Theorell</a> |

1956: <a href="Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand" title="André Frédéric Cournand">Cournand</a>, <a href="Werner_For%C3%9Fmann" title="Werner Forßmann">Forßmann</a>, <a href="Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards">Richards</a> |

1957: <a href="Daniel_Bovet" title="Daniel Bovet">Bovet</a> |

1958: <a href="George_Wells_Beadle" title="George Wells Beadle">Beadle</a>, <a href="Edward_Lawrie_Tatum" title="Edward Lawrie Tatum">Tatum</a>, <a href="Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Lederberg</a> |

1959: <a href="Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Ochoa</a>, <a href="Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Kornberg</a> |

1960: <a href="Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Burnet</a>, <a href="Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Medawar</a> |

1961: <a href="Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy" title="Georg von Békésy">Békésy</a> |

1962: <a href="Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Crick</a>, <a href="James_Watson" title="James Watson">Watson</a>, <a href="Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Wilkins</a> |

1963: <a href="John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles">Eccles</a>, <a href="Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a>, <a href="Andrew_Fielding_Huxley" title="Andrew Fielding Huxley">Huxley</a> |

1964: <a href="Konrad_Bloch" title="Konrad Bloch">Bloch</a>, <a href="Feodor_Lynen" title="Feodor Lynen">Lynen</a> |

1965: <a href="Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob" title="François Jacob">Jacob</a>, <a href="Andr%C3%A9_Lwoff" title="André Lwoff">Lwoff</a>, <a href="Jacques_Monod_(Biologe)" title="Jacques Monod (Biologe)">Monod</a> |

1966: <a href="Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Rous</a>, <a href="Charles_Brenton_Huggins" title="Charles Brenton Huggins">Huggins</a> |

1967: <a href="Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Granit</a>, <a href="Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline">Hartline</a>, <a href="George_Wald" title="George Wald">Wald</a> |

1968: <a href="Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley">Holley</a>, <a href="Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Khorana</a>, <a href="Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Nirenberg</a> |

1969: <a href="Max_Delbr%C3%BCck_(Biophysiker)" title="Max Delbrück (Biophysiker)">Delbrück</a>, <a href="Alfred_Day_Hershey" title="Alfred Day Hershey">Hershey</a>, <a href="Salvador_Edward_Luria" title="Salvador Edward Luria">Luria</a> |

1970: <a href="Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Katz</a>, <a href="Ulf_von_Euler" title="Ulf von Euler">Euler</a>, <a href="Julius_Axelrod" title="Julius Axelrod">Axelrod</a> |

1971: <a href="Earl_Wilbur_Sutherland" title="Earl Wilbur Sutherland">Sutherland</a> |

1972: <a href="Gerald_M._Edelman" title="Gerald M. Edelman">Edelman</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Porter</a> |

1973: <a href="Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Frisch</a>, <a href="Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Lorenz</a>, <a href="Nikolaas_Tinbergen" title="Nikolaas Tinbergen">Tinbergen</a> |

1974: <a href="Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Claude</a>, <a href="Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">de Duve</a>, <a href="George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">Palade</a> |

1975: <a href="David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Dulbecco</a>, <a href="Howard_M._Temin" title="Howard M. Temin">Temin</a> |

1976: <a href="Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg" title="Baruch Samuel Blumberg">Blumberg</a>, <a href="Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek" title="Daniel Carleton Gajdusek">Gajdusek</a> |

1977: <a href="Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Guillemin</a>, <a href="Andrew_Victor_Schally" title="Andrew Victor Schally">Schally</a>, <a href="Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Yalow</a> |

1978: <a href="Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Arber</a>, <a href="Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Nathans</a>, <a href="Hamilton_Othanel_Smith" title="Hamilton Othanel Smith">Smith</a> |

1979: <a href="Allan_McLeod_Cormack" title="Allan McLeod Cormack">Cormack</a>, <a href="Godfrey_Hounsfield" title="Godfrey Hounsfield">Hounsfield</a> |

1980: <a href="Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Benacerraf</a>, <a href="Jean_Dausset" title="Jean Dausset">Dausset</a>, <a href="George_Davis_Snell" title="George Davis Snell">Snell</a> |

1981: <a href="Roger_Sperry" title="Roger Sperry">Sperry</a>, <a href="David_H._Hubel" title="David H. Hubel">Hubel</a>, <a href="Torsten_N._Wiesel" title="Torsten N. Wiesel">Wiesel</a> |

1982: <a href="Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m" title="Sune Bergström">Bergström</a>, <a href="Bengt_Ingemar_Samuelsson" title="Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson">Samuelsson</a>, <a href="John_Robert_Vane" title="John Robert Vane">Vane</a> |

1983: <a href="Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">McClintock</a> |

1984: <a href="Niels_Kaj_Jerne" title="Niels Kaj Jerne">Jerne</a>, <a href="Georges_J._F._K%C3%B6hler" title="Georges J. F. Köhler">Köhler</a>, <a href="C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">Milstein</a> |

1985: <a href="Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown">Brown</a>, <a href="Joseph_L._Goldstein" title="Joseph L. Goldstein">Goldstein</a> |

1986: <a href="Stanley_Cohen_(Biochemiker)" title="Stanley Cohen (Biochemiker)">Cohen</a>, <a href="Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Levi-Montalcini</a> |

1987: <a href="Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Tonegawa</a> |

1988: <a href="James_Whyte_Black" title="James Whyte Black">Black</a>, <a href="Gertrude_Belle_Elion" title="Gertrude Belle Elion">Elion</a>, <a href="George_Herbert_Hitchings" title="George Herbert Hitchings">Hitchings</a> |

1989: <a href="John_Michael_Bishop" title="John Michael Bishop">Bishop</a>, <a href="Harold_E._Varmus" title="Harold E. Varmus">Varmus</a> |

1990: <a href="Joseph_Edward_Murray" title="Joseph Edward Murray">Murray</a>, <a href="Edward_Donnall_Thomas" title="Edward Donnall Thomas">Thomas</a> |

1991: <a href="Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Neher</a>, <a href="Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Sakmann</a> |

1992: <a href="Edmond_Henri_Fischer" title="Edmond Henri Fischer">Fischer</a>, <a href="Edwin_G._Krebs" title="Edwin G. Krebs">E. G. Krebs</a> |

1993: <a href="Richard_J._Roberts" title="Richard J. Roberts">Roberts</a>, <a href="Phillip_Allen_Sharp" title="Phillip Allen Sharp">Sharp</a> |

1994: <a href="Alfred_Goodman_Gilman" title="Alfred Goodman Gilman">Gilman</a>, <a href="Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Rodbell</a> |

1995: <a href="Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Lewis</a>, <a href="Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Nüsslein-Volhard</a>, <a href="Eric_Wieschaus" title="Eric Wieschaus">Wieschaus</a> |

1996: <a href="Peter_Doherty_(Mediziner)" title="Peter Doherty (Mediziner)">Doherty</a>, <a href="Rolf_Zinkernagel" title="Rolf Zinkernagel">Zinkernagel</a> |

1997: <a href="Stanley_Prusiner" title="Stanley Prusiner">Prusiner</a> |

1998: <a href="Robert_Francis_Furchgott" title="Robert Francis Furchgott">Furchgott</a>, <a href="Louis_J._Ignarro" title="Louis J. Ignarro">Ignarro</a>, <a href="Ferid_Murad" title="Ferid Murad">Murad</a> |

1999: <a href="G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Blobel</a> |

2000: <a href="Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Carlsson</a>, <a href="Paul_Greengard" title="Paul Greengard">Greengard</a>, <a href="Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Kandel</a> |

2001: <a href="Leland_H._Hartwell" title="Leland H. Hartwell">Hartwell</a>, <a href="Tim_Hunt" title="Tim Hunt">Hunt</a>, <a href="Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Nurse</a> |

2002: <a href="Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Brenner</a>, <a href="H._Robert_Horvitz" title="H. Robert Horvitz">Horvitz</a>, <a href="John_E._Sulston" title="John E. Sulston">Sulston</a> |

2003: <a href="Paul_Christian_Lauterbur" title="Paul Christian Lauterbur">Lauterbur</a>, <a href="Peter_Mansfield" title="Peter Mansfield">Mansfield</a> |

2004: <a href="Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Axel</a>, <a href="Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck">Buck</a> |

2005: <a href="Barry_Marshall" title="Barry Marshall">Marshall</a>, <a href="Robin_Warren" title="Robin Warren">Warren</a> |

2006: <a href="Andrew_Z._Fire" title="Andrew Z. Fire">Fire</a>, <a href="Craig_Mello" title="Craig Mello">Mello</a> |

2007: <a href="Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Capecchi</a>, <a href="Martin_Evans" title="Martin Evans">Evans</a>, <a href="Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Smithies</a> |

2008: <a href="Harald_zur_Hausen" title="Harald zur Hausen">zur Hausen</a>, <a href="Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi" title="Françoise Barré-Sinoussi">Barré-Sinoussi</a>, <a href="Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Montagnier</a> |

2009: <a href="Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Blackburn</a>, <a href="Carol_W._Greider" title="Carol W. Greider">Greider</a>, <a href="Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak">Szostak</a> |

2010: <a href="Robert_Edwards_(Genetiker)" title="Robert Edwards (Genetiker)">Edwards</a> |

2011: <a href="Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Beutler</a>, <a href="Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a>, <a href="Ralph_M._Steinman" title="Ralph M. Steinman">Steinman</a> |

2012: <a href="John_Gurdon" title="John Gurdon">Gurdon</a>, <a href="Shin%E2%80%99ya_Yamanaka" title="Shin’ya Yamanaka">Yamanaka</a> |

2013: <a href="James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">Rothman</a>, <a href="Randy_Schekman" title="Randy Schekman">Schekman</a>, <a href="Thomas_S%C3%BCdhof" title="Thomas Südhof">Südhof</a> |

2014: <a href="John_O%E2%80%99Keefe_(Neurowissenschaftler)" title="John O’Keefe (Neurowissenschaftler)">O’Keefe</a>, <a href="May-Britt_Moser" title="May-Britt Moser">M. Moser</a>, <a href="Edvard_Moser" title="Edvard Moser">E. Moser</a> |

2015: <a href="William_C._Campbell" title="William C. Campbell">Campbell</a>, <a href="Satoshi_%C5%8Cmura" title="Satoshi Ōmura">Ōmura</a>, <a href="Tu_Youyou" title="Tu Youyou">Youyou</a> |

2016: <a href="Yoshinori_%C5%8Csumi" title="Yoshinori Ōsumi">Ōsumi</a> |

2017: <a href="Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Hall</a>, <a href="Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Rosbash</a>, <a href="Michael_W._Young" title="Michael W. Young">Young</a> |

2018: <a href="James_P._Allison" title="James P. Allison">Allison</a>, <a href="Tasuku_Honjo" title="Tasuku Honjo">Honjo</a> |

2019: <a href="William_G._Kaelin" title="William G. Kaelin">Kaelin</a>, <a href="Peter_J._Ratcliffe" title="Peter J. Ratcliffe">Ratcliffe</a>, <a href="Gregg_L._Semenza" title="Gregg L. Semenza">Semenza</a> |

2020: <a href="Harvey_J._Alter" title="Harvey J. Alter">Alter</a>, <a href="Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton">Houghton</a>, <a href="Charles_M._Rice" title="Charles M. Rice">Rice</a> |

2021: <a href="David_Julius" title="David Julius">Julius</a>, <a href="Ardem_Patapoutian" title="Ardem Patapoutian">Patapoutian</a> |

2022: <a href="Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Pääbo</a> |

2023: <a href="Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Karikó</a>, <a href="Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Weissman</a> |

2024: <a href="Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Ambros</a>, <a href="Gary_Ruvkun" title="Gary Ruvkun">Ruvkun</a> |

2025: <a href="Mary_Brunkow" title="Mary Brunkow">Brunkow</a>, <a href="Fred_Ramsdell" title="Fred Ramsdell">Ramsdell</a>, <a href="Shimon_Sakaguchi" title="Shimon Sakaguchi">Sakaguchi</a>

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Normdaten (Person): <a href="Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1145498477">1145498477</a></span> | <a href="Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85060493">n85060493</a></span> | <a href="Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/248892057/">248892057</a></span> | </div>

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